Similarly, the Chittore ford also had temple of Vishnu and other Hindu goddesses. So, it should be no surprise that once Mansingh palace at Agra had some temple idols worship.
As far as the official record suggests that Mansingh was the worshipper of Krishna or Vishnu. Raja Mansingh was just few years younger than Great Akbar and became good friend of Akbar and sometimes for fun jostled together by staging a wrestling match as depicted in the painting below. It was very common and customary with all the Royal clans and Royal Palaces of the Rajasthan. It means the temple complex existed within the palace complex.
The palace at the Agra was not an exception to this rule. He is more accurate in his description. It is clear that the place was requisitioned by the Moguls from Jaipur Maharaja Jayasinh. Eklingji temple dated to 8th century AD near Udaipur is the Shiva temple and worshipped by Hindu of India and nearby the temple of Ambaji is also a stop for pilgrims.
Was it a Love memorial Dedicated to Mumtaz Mahal? This is a valid question and often ignored by the most historians and the commonly accepted representation has never been questioned. However, reviewing all histories and document sources and clear lack of statement by Shah Jahan himself that he is dedicating to or the building for Mumtaz Mahal, we have to assume that he built it for himself like all of his predecessor with an objective of making it a world class monument and for that he deserves our credits.
Aurangzeb criticizes in his letter to his father for neglect of cenotaph where Mumtaz body was housed on a temporary basis. The Taj from the Persian and Arabic words for crown developed out of the ancient tiaras see tiara worn in the Mesopotamian valley.
All the Mogul rulers from top to bottom had hundred of wives and concubines and Hindu rulers were no exception to this rule either. Shah Jahan with his excessive addiction of alcohol and the opium in his last day became very sick. He may have demolished the old palace of Mansingh or built over some part of the truncated structure like using to first two floors to build the platform for the Taj monument.
Since the time of Humayun, every mogul emperor has built a tomb memorial for himself and the members of his family. Mumtaz Mahal is not here to answer the important question that how she felt about the life of the polygamy, so it is hard to imagine the perception of Love Memorial. Misconception: As we discussed earlier, the Moguls like their ancestors were nomadic people, good fighter and excellent horse riders and their material culture in arts, painting and architect was limited and borrowed from other civilization.
The tomb of Timur Lane at Samarkand is all of Persian designs. We know that Taj Mahal is a combination or Hindu and Persian architect with Mogul input for the garden. Let us first look at Jahangir whose Mausoleum stands in Lahore for some strange reason while everyone else lies in Delhi-Agra vicinity. Jahangir died at Rajauri in AD after he returned from Lahore.
He was buried on the banks of the River Ravi in the large walled garden of Empress Noor Jahan three miles northwest of the region of Shah Dara near Delhi. Rajauri is in Kashmir and by all account Jahangir loved Kashmir. One would think that would be his natural place for his burial and the second choice will be either Delhi or Agra where his predecessors were buried.
We do not have the answer but it certainly raises the question. This is a real combination of Rajput and Mogul architect combined. The construction is native in origin and simply modest. He barely survived the chase and headed to Umerkot. Akbar never forgot this act of generosity by a Hindu king. He practiced a milder and tolerant form of Islam and controlled the hard liner. His memorial therefore is simple in nature representing both Hindu and Muslim architect.
His tomb was erected by none other than the most famous lady in the history of Mughal dynasty — Noor Jahan. This intriguing story starts with an Iranian nobleman Ghiyas Beg, who came to India on a fortune hunt. Mehrunissa was not their biological offspring but someone in their fleeing caravan was happy to give her up for adoption.
Unknown to him at that time, this young baby brings him the bountiful rewards when she grows up and becomes the famous Noor Jahan. Ghiyas beg earned the title of Itimad-ud-daula Pillar of the State and promoted to the post of Minister by Jahangir. Mehrunissa was married to a middle rank Iranian noble man with the blessing of Akbar himself. Jahangir married Noor Jahan Mehrunissa , when she was 35 years old and she became 20th of his wives.
As Jahangir went on increasing his daily intake of the opium the empire was run by troika consisting of Noor Jahan, her father who was the minister and brother who was the commander of Mogul army. It is believed the troika had built a powerful economic empire with her trade deals with Portuguese and English traders.
The mogul treasuries were getting richer by the day. It represents a great transition in Mughal architecture from its first to second phase. From pre-Akbar days, Mughal buildings - both public and military buildings like mosque or fort and funerary buildings more personal were built in red sandstone. But it was at Itimad-ud-daula, we see for the first time a complete mausoleum made of marble with Persian art. Just like every mogul mausoleum, there are four lush green Mughal garden and four minarets on each corner of the structure.
In order not to upset the apple cart with any other noble, Noor Jahan kept this memorial small but the base of the monument remains in the bed of the sand stones. Opium Addiction and effect on the Brain of Moguls: According to national Institute of Health the excessive use of opium can affect the brain and the entire functioning of the body. When these drugs attach to their receptors, they reduce the perception of pain.
Opioids can also produce drowsiness, mental confusion, nausea, constipation, and, depending upon the dosage. It can also depress respiration and the ability to breath. Since India for centuries controlled Afghanistan, the opium was available in abundance and was widely used in India primarily for relaxation and enjoyment as well as to reduce the pain like the use of the alcohol.
This is the one simple example I can give that why wine industries arrived late in the history. The dried latex is obtained from the opium poppy for further use Papaver somniferum. The latex also includes the alkaloid codeine and its similarly structured cousin used in many medicines as the pain remover or reducer.
It also contains non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine. Excessive use of opium can lead to the death. NIH described this in their medical studies: 1. Opiates can depress breathing by changing neurochemical activity in the brain stem, where automatic body functions are controlled. Opiates can change the limbic system, which controls emotions, to increase feelings of pleasure. Opiates can block pain messages transmitted through the spinal cord from the body.
It is doubtful and questionable if either Shah Jahan or Jahangir had functioning mental abilities to make the decisions themselves as most of them were made for them. That seems very unlikely as can be seen from the comparison below that the architectural styles are totally different. The comparison chart below should clarify the misconception. However, the ideas travel faster than anyone can imagine. A total demolition and rebuild has to be done to accommodate the construction of Taj Mahal except to use old existing fortification of Yamuna river bed with additional reinforcement.
Certain levels assumed two levels of old structure may have been used to fortify the base and Top structure of old place may have been used as a giant plat form. This is the assumption model and other variation of Palace structure is also possible.
Amber fort is located overlooking the lake so it is highly likely that Raja Mansingh prefer the water view and Akbar could have easily granted to his old pal without any question. It is highly doubtful as to what active role Shah Jahan would have played due to his addiction to opium but if he was actively involved; he played a decreasing role once Mumtaz and then Aurungzeb assumed the power.
Aurangzeb had imprisoned Shah Jahan into the Agra Fort where he lived for the balance of his life as an invalid and addict. Aurangzeb would have liked very much to do this more for his love of mother than his love for his father as he himself was not his pick of succession.
Shah Jahan presented Maharajah Jai Singh with a larger palace in the center of Agra in exchange for the old seven storied palace built by Manasingh- 1st. The letters in Jaipur archive confirms this fact. The land was excavated, filled with dirt to reduce seepage and leveled at 50 meters above riverbank. In the tomb area, wells were dug and filled with stone and rubble as the footings of the tomb. Instead of lashed bamboo, workmen constructed a colossal brick scaffold that mirrored the tomb.
The scaffold was so enormous that foremen estimated it would take years to dismantle. According to the folklore, Shah Jahan had allowed anyone to keep the bricks taken from the scaffold, and thus it was dismantled by peasants in few days. A fifteen kilometer tamped- earth ramp was built to transport Rajasthan marble and materials to the construction site.
The trains of elephants, camels and Oxen carts were used to transport the materials from the quarries to the site in Agra. Similar teams of animal driven methods were used to pull blocks on specially constructed wagons. An elaborate post-and-beam pulley system was used to raise the blocks into desired position.
The Water was drawn from the river by a series of buckets mechanism, into a various storage tanks. See Bucket wheels of Yamuna River. The remaining parts of the complex took an additional 10 years for a total of 22 years and included minarets, mosque and Mausoleum and gateway with gardens. The entire Taj complex was built in stages. The Estimates of the cost of the construction of Taj Mahal is very difficult to estimate as the construction costs were spread over 22 years time.
This may be the ideal project for privatization like Disney theme park. The specialized Sculptors from Bukhara, calligraphers from Syria and Persia, inlayers from southern India, stone cutters from Northwest India, and a specialist in building turrets, another who carved only marble flowers were part of the thirty-seven men who formed the creative design unit of Taj.
Some of the builders involved in construction of Taj Mahal under the master supervision of court appointed Ustad Ahmad Lahouri From Lahore were: 1. Ustad Isa and Isa Muhammad Effendi of Persia Credited with a key role in the structural integrity while providing architectural design.
Qazim Khan, a native of Lahore, who supervised the casting of metal and gold. Chiranjilal, a Hindu lapidary polisher from Delhi and chief sculptor. Muhammad Hanif, a supervisor of masons Converted Hindu-India 8. Mir Abdul Karim with Mukkarimat Khan of Shiraz, Persia handled finances and management of daily production- court appointed.
At its center is the Taj Mahal itself, built of shimmering white marble that seems to reflect the color of light depending on the sunlight or moonlight hitting its surface. The construction involved the import of Italian marble that was used for calligraphy and Kuranic verses. As per Islamic tradition, the verses from the Quran are inscribed in the calligraphy on the arched entrances to the mausoleum, in addition to numerous other sections of the complex.
The real sarcophagus containing their remains lay below at the garden level. Keeping geometrical pattern in structure erection was the tradition of Mughal building architecture. In one of this side structure, there was probably a Hindu temple. Oak is no different. I wouldn't be surprised if any one knew Shivaji was helped by local Muslims. Its a shame how low Hindutva has slipped bucking all its resources into criminal divergence. Reviewer: jagmint - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - May 3, Subject: The truth which got suppressed by corrupt political India The works of P.
Oak is invaluable and unbiased. Any person who wants to know the true history of India must read these books. These books were suppressed during the regime of Indira Gandhi and she gave out orders to the publishers to remove the books off shelf and burn them as the message and the TRUTH contained in these books were dangerous to the corrupt political system with which Indira gandhi was ruling India.
Download these books now! Reviewer: jazvik - favorite favorite favorite favorite favorite - November 22, Subject: These books are an eye opener These books by P N Oak are not easy to find and the information they hold is invaluable. They gave me a new perspective to view the world from.
Is the Taj Mahal being Tejo Mahalaya story true, especially according to. No one has ever challenged it except Prof. Is it true that Shah Jahan cut the thumbs of those who built Taj Mahal? This is a psychological incongruity. It is an influence of southern temples on the persian minds.
Prince Aurangzeb also mentions this in his letter to Shahjahan. India is a land of cultural heritage. Where is the Taj Mahal? Rao was the Archealogical Superintendent in Agra, he happened to notice a deep and wide crack in the wall of the central octagonal chamber of the Taj.
In a page pamphlet titled Was Kaaba a Hindu Temple? Bernier, the French traveller has recorded that no non muslim was allowed entry into the secret nether chambers of the Taj because there are some dazzling fixtures there. Tridents are also depicted against a red lotus background at the apex of the stately marble arched entrances on all four sides of the Taj.
November 24, at 5: In flagrant violation of this, the Tajamhal has one grave in the basement and another in the first floor chamber both ascribed to Mumtaz. The presence of Bel and other flower plants in the Taj garden is proof of its having been a Shiva temple before seizure by Shahjahan. The king is now building a spulchre for his late deceased queen Tage Moholl Taj Mahal as much to say att the brightness of the moholwhom he dearly affected…He intends it shall excel all other.
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